Agrarian Science and Food Technologies

Merzlov S.V., Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor

Andriychuk A.V., Candidate Veterinary Science

Zotsenko V.M., Candidate Veterinary Science

Korol'-Bezpala L.P., Postgraduate Student

e-mail: lesy25@ukr.net

Bilotsrkivsskiy National Agrarian University

The bacteria habitat is the water bulk and the bottom sediments. Depending on their location, they are divided into bacterioplankton (planktonic forms) and bacteriobentos (bottom sediments inhabitants). A significant amount of bacteria develops in the water-air interface – (bacterioneistone) and in water-solid substrates interface (bacterioperiphyton). The species composition of bacterial flora and the orientation of microbiological processes in the reservoirs depend on the ecological status of the reservoirs, their physical and hydrochemical characteristics and the presence of other groups of hydrobionts.

Chironomus larvae is an important elements in the trophic chains of fish. The main nutrient medium for larvae is the silt of lakes, ponds and rivers.

The microbiological composition of the native and pasteurized silt from the Ros’ river as the main component of the nutrient medium for the cultivation of the Chironomus larvae remains unexplored.

The microflora of water and bottom sediments reflects various levels of water trophy. Bacteria play an extremely important role in aquatic ecosystems. They participate in the transformation of complex organic substances into simple compounds, suitable for absorption by hydrobionts of other trophic levels.

In lake ecosystems, the bacterial composition is formed depending on the environmental conditions of the habitat. The largest amount of bacteria is found in eutrophic waters and the smallest – in oligotrophic waters. At the same time, in different ecological zones of eutrophic waters, which differ in the level of oxygen dissolved in water, the dependence of the development of individual bacterial groups on ecological conditions manifests clearly.

The largest amount of microorganisms is observed in the upper layer of silt, where a peculiar film of bacteria forms. It contains a lot of thiobacteria and iron bacteria and plays a significant role in the substances transformation in the reservoir. Lack of Oxygen promotes the development of anaerobic bacteria fermenting plant residues with methane and Hydrogen formation.

The aim of the study was to establish the bacterial composition of water silt as the main component of the nutrient medium for the Chironomus larvae and to identify the effects of different modes of temperature treatment (pasteurization) on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the silt microflora from the Ros’ river.The investigated nutrient medium was pasteurized under prolonged pasteurization (65°C), short pasteurization (75°C), and instant pasteurization (95°C). Iinoculations for MPA were made on the base of silt nutrient media, using 3- and 8- multiple dilution. Inoculations were carried out in two ways: on the surface of the MPA (option A) and in the MPA bulk (option B). Inoculations were carried out in order to receive separate colonies with specific features.

Petri's cups were carefully examined the isolated colonies that grew up on the surface of the MPA were studied. Attention was paid to the size, shape, color, the nature of the edges and the surface of the colonies, their consistency and other features of cultural properties.

While analyzing the bacterial inoculations, we noticed the dominant growth of the colonies of Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas spp. and coccus microflora in different dilutions.

Bacillus sp. is an aerobic soil bacteria "hay bacterium" which forms endospores. Studies have shown that the colonies are dry, creasy, velvety, colorless or pink. The edges of the colony were wavy, coral-like.

Colonies of Pseudomonas spp. were of different shapes: flat irregular shapes, large convex shiny, mucous, dwarf or dotted, folded. They had a gray or yellowish-gray color, slightly convex, oily consistency.

Cocca – are spherical bacteria of regular round shape sized 0.5-1.5 microns, optional anaerobes, growing in aerobic conditions. They were located in the smears in the form of irregular clusters or singly, gram-positive, immovable. The composition of the cell wall includes peptidoglycan (murein) and teichoic acids. They are unpretentious for the nutrient medium, well cultivated in simple media.

            It was established that in a native mule the amount of bacteria was 3.7 Ч 108 NSU / 1 g. The smallest amount of microorganisms was isolated in pasteurized silt occulations - for instant pasteurization (95°C) - the amount of bacteria was 1.3 Ч 106 NSU / 1 g.

It was also found that in a native mule, the species of Pseudomonas spp. accounted for 45.9% of the total number of colony-forming organisms, Bacillus sp. – 32.4% and cocca microflora – 21.7%.

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