Agrarian Science and Food Technologies

POLISHCHUK Tetiana, Сandidate of Аgricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Veterinary, Hygiene and Animal Breeding (21008, 3, Soniachna Str., Vinnytsia; e-mail: polischyk19@gmail.com)

The object of the study was the cows of Ukrainian black-speckled dairy breed. The subject of the study was the indicators of milk productivity and reproductive capacity of cows.

In order to study the interrelation and variability of the indicators of milk productivity and reproductive capacity of cows depending on lactation, six experimental groups based on the analogue principle were formed and evaluated. Each group included 10 cows of Ukrainian black-speckled dairy breed of different lactations, among which there were the animals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 lactations. All cows were kept on the same level, type of feeding and structure of rations under the same keeping conditions.

The indicators of milk productivity are likely to change depending on lactation. It was found that the milk yield in the cows of the sixth lactation was by 15% higher compared with that indicator in the cows of the first lactation (P<0.001), and by 1.8% higher compared with the yield in the cows of the fifth lactation. The correlation between the duration of lactation and that one of the service period (r =0.69*-0.88***) is characterized by a strong, direct and reliable link. A close, direct and probable link between the duration of intercalving period and that one of lactation in the range of 0.69 *-0.89*** was also established. There is a reverse close link between the coefficient of reproductive capacity and the duration of lactation (r=-0.69*--0.88***). It means that the duration of the service and intercalving periods increases, while the coefficient of reproductive capacity decreases with the increase in the duration of lactation. It has been established that the fertility rate (r =-0.73*) of the cows in the second lactation decreases and their service period increases with an increase in the yield. The animals of the third and sixth lactations had the largest profit per cow of 3.240 and 3.340 UAH per lactation, respectively. There is a tendency to decrease the reproductive capacity of cows with the increase in their milk productivity. Therefore, in order to obtain the maximum possible profit and rational management of dairy cattle it is necessary to take into account the dependence of the regularities of link of the indicators of milk productivity with those of reproductive capacity.

In the selection process it must be taken into account that both positive and reverse link between the milk productivity and the duration of the service period is determined in the cows of various lactations.

The farm shouldn’t allow to increase the duration of the service period of more than 90 days, which will enable to receive one calf and more from each cow per year and keep the milk yield at the proper level.

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