Agrarian Science and Food Technologies

Sobolev А., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor

Bilotsrkivskiy National Agrarian University

Lotka H., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor

Vinnytsia National Agrarian University

Recently, the attention of scholars and practitioners are increasingly attracting by such element as germanium. Germanium is an element with a wide spectrum of biological activities. The results of numerous researches on laboratory animals and human clinical trials found that germanium compounds have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, hypotensive, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-bacteria, anti-radiation, fungicide and neurotropic detoxicant physiological effects.

The aim was to study the effect of different doses of germanium supplements in feed for geese on their meat production.

Experimental studies were carried out on a Danish breed Legart goslings. To carry out scientific and economic experiment on the principle of daily four groups goslings on 100 heads each. Was formed in feed for poultry of experimental groups was introduced germanium in amount in mg/kg: the second group – 0,1, the third – 0,2 and fourth of – 0,3. Goslings of the first control group did not receive supplement of germanium.

Analysis of the results of scientific and economic experiment showed that feeding poultry research groups during the period of cultivation of fodder enriched germanium positively impacted their meat productivity.

Thus, the average weight of half-evicerated carcasses goslings second experimental group was higher than that of their peers in the control group by 2,3%, the third – 3,3% (P<0,05) and fourth – 1,8% and respectively was 3574,9 g, 3612,3 and 3558,0 g.

In goslings research groups weight of eviscerated carcasses also were higher and amounted 2590,7–2634,3 g against 2533,3 g in the control group. However, the difference was statistically significant only in the third experimental group, a bird whose exceeded this indicator peers in the control group to 101,0 g or 4,0% (P<0,05).

Young research groups benefit from different edible parts of carcass weight. Compared with the control , the second experimental group, the difference was 3,0% (P<0,05), in the third – 4,9 (P<0,01) and fourth – 2,7% (P<0,05). Weight of edible parts of carcasses in young research groups has increased mainly due to enhanced formation and development of muscle tissue and skin with subcutaneous fat.

Out of edible parts is largely determined by the specific gravity of the muscles that form the basis of carcass. By this measure gosling research groups exceeded their peers in the control group (34,1-34,4% against 34,0%). The difference in absolute muscle mass between birds of the control and experimental groups was in the second group – 2,2%, in the third – 4,1% (P<0,05) and fourth – 2,1% for the latter.

As inedible parts, their share in goslings second experimental group was 40,0%, the third - 39,3 and fourth – 39,9%, which is 0,6%, 1,3 and 0,7% respectively below than in the young control group. Reducing the output of inedible parts is mainly due to a decrease in poultry research groups relative weight of feathers, blood and goiter at 0,2-0,3%, head and feet – by 0,2-0,4%, inedible viscera – by 0,1-0,2% and bones – by 0,2-0,4%.

Reduction in carcass weight of poultry research groups inedible parts and increased weight of edible parts of a positive impact on their relationship. Thus, in the second experimental group per unit mass of inedible parts accounted for 1,40, the third – 1,44 and fourth – 1,41 edible, 2,2%, 5,1 and 2,9% respectively greater than that of the control group.

In addition, poultry research groups favorably by their peers in the control group the ratio of carcass bone mass to muscle mass (respectively 1:2,92-2,98 against 1:2,85). The difference in this parameter between the control and experimental groups was respectively 2,4%, 4,5 and 2,4%.

So it is established that the best efficiency of meat have young sters, which were fed by all-mash enriched with germanium 0,2 mg/kg. The introduction of germanium in such amount contributed to the significant increase of the mass of goslings of half-eviscerated and eviscerated carcasses, as well as the weight of the edible parts of the carcass.

1. Fedorovych, Je.I. & Zaplatyns'kyj, V.S. (2015). Suchasnyj stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku gusivnyctva Ukrai'ny [Modern camp that promises rozvitku gusіvnittva Ukraine]. Naukovyj visnyk L'vivs'kogo nacional'nogo universytetu veterynarnoi' medycyny ta biotehnologij imeni S.Z. G'zhyc'kogo – The Science Bulletin of the Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology. S.Z. Zhitsky, Vol. 17, 3, (Pp. 322-330) [in Ukrainian].

2. Leenson, I.A. & Bankrashkov, A.V. (2017). Himicheskie jelementy. Putevoditel' po Periodicheskoj tablice [Chemical elements. Periodic Table Guide]. Moscow: Corpus [in Russian].

3. Ambrosy, I.V., Aleshin, S.V. & Alimbarova, L.M. (2015). Ispol'zovanie organicheskih soedinenij germanija v medicine [The use of organic compounds of germanium in medicine]. Razrabotka i registracija lekarstvennyh sredstv – Drug development and registration, 11, (pp. 144-150).

4. Stadnyk, A.M., Byc', G.O. & Stadnyk, O.A. (2006). Biologichna rol' germaniju v organizmi tvaryn i ljudyny [The biological role of germanium in the body of animals and humans]. Naukovyj visnyk L'vivs'koi' nacional'noi' akademii' veterynarnoi' medycyny im. S.Z. Gzhyc'kogo. –. The Science Bulletin of the Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology. S.Z. Zhitsky, Vol. 8, 2, part 1, (pp. 175-184)    [in Ukrainian].

5. Qu J. (2006). The biological functions of germanium and its application in the poultry industry Feed China. Vol. 9. (pp. 20-26).

6. Kang, H.K., Kim, S.H. & Park, S.B. [et al.] (2017). Effect of dietary Germanium supplementation on the performance of laying hens at older age. 21st European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Salou/Vila-seca, Spain, (pp. 8-11).

7. Lee, W.B., Kim, I.H. & Hong, J.U. [et al.] (2003). Effect of protein level and dietary germanium biotite on egg production, egg quality and fecal volatile fatty acid in laying hens. Korean Journal of Poultry Science. Vol. 30(4). (pp.275-280).

8. Zhaoxin, T. & Yan S. (1995). Effects of Ge-132 on fertility,hatchability of eggs and growth,disease resistance of its chickens. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Vol. 4

9. Zhaoxin T. (1995). Effects of different dosage of Ge-132 on germanium enrichment and chotesterol contents in eggs. Heilongjiang Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Vol. 12.

10. Advances in effect of germanium or germanium compounds on animals – A Review / L. Li, T. Ruan, Y. Lyu [et al.] / Journal of Biosciences and Medicines. – 2017. – Vol. 5. – Р. 56-73.

11. Lee, W.B., Kim, I.H. & Hong, J.W. [et al.] (2003). Effects of dietary germanium biotite on growth performance and blood characteristics in broiler chicks. Korean Journal of Poultry Science. Vol. 30(1). (pp. 67-72).

12. Yuan, Y., Wen, P. & Guo, D.X. [et al.] (2000). Effects of Organic and Inorganic Germanium on Lipid Metabolism of Broilers. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University. Vol. 31, (Pp. 203-206).

13. Fisinina, V.I. & Imangulova, Sh.A. (2000). Metodika provedenija nauchnyh i proizvodstvennyh issledovanij po kormleniju sel'skohozjajstvennoj pticy [Methods of conducting scientific and industrial research on the feeding of poultry]. Sergiev Posad: VNITIP, P. 42.

14. Galibarenko, M., Smirnov, O. & Pasichnyj, V. (2005). VNTP-APK-04.05. Pidpryjemstva ptahivnyctva [Poultry industry enterprises]. Kyiv: Ministerstvo agrarnoi' polityky, P. 90 [in Ukrainian].

15. Ptycja sil's'kogospodars'ka dlja zaboju. Tehnichni umovy [Bird farming for slaughter. Specifications]. (1996). DSTU 3136-95 from 1997-01-01. Kyiv: Derzhstandart Ukrai'ny. P.6 [in Ukrainian].