Agrarian Science and Food Technologies

KAZMIRUK Larysa, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Veterinary, Hygiene and animal Breeding, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, 3, Soniachna Str., Vinnytsia; e-mail: kazmiruk@vsau.vin.ua)

The technology and livestock keeping are a collection of techniques and methods of keeping, as well as of milk production and processing. In turn, the technological process determines the operations for obtaining a product or raw material and setting the costs of energy resources.

The purpose of the research was to provide scientific and practical substantiation of milk productivity in the cows of Ukrainian black-speckled dairy breed in the conditions of leashed and unleashed keeping in the second and third lactations.

The experimental researches were conducted on the number of cows of Ukrainian black-speckled dairy breed with 10 heads in the first, second and third lactations. The animals were selected on the basis of group-analogues in the conditions of the farm «Veles Vita» in the village of Popeliukha, Murovani Kurylivtsi district, Vinnytsia region.

According to control milking, the yield of cows for 305 days of the first, second and third lactation, as well as the percentage of fat and milk fat were determined.

The results of the research revealed that at the end of the second lactation the yield of cows under leashed keeping was 3498.15 kg, which was by 284.55 kg or 7.5% with a probable difference (P<0.01) less than that of the cows under unleashed keeping. After the third lactation the yields of cows under unleashed keeping were 4283.5 kg, which was by 417.6 kg or 10.8% with a probable difference of P<0.001 more than under leashed keeping.

The calculations of the economic efficiency of milk production showed that the profit under leashed keeping of cows was 3245.4 UAH in the second lactation that was by 36.0% less than under the unleashed one. In the third lactation the profit under leashed keeping was 3955.2 UAH, which was by 43.4% less than under the unleashed one. As a result, the largest level of profitability of 49.16% was obtained in the third lactation under unleashed keeping of cows, which was by 23.11% more than under the leashed one. In the second lactation this indicator was 37.15% under unleashed keeping, which was by 14.08% more than under the leashed one.

In farms, in the future, it is advisable to introduce an unleashed keeping of cows, justifying the energy values of products and evaluating the indicators in accordance with the requirements of the standards.

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