Agrarian Science and Food Technologies

Danchenko O.O., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor

Zdorovtseva L.M., Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor

Danchenko M.M, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

Tavriya State Agrotechnological University

Ruban H.V., Applicant

Melitopol State Pedagogical University named after B. Khmelnytskyi

One of the traditional poultry industries in Ukraine is the geese breeding. Along with other poultry, geese are the least prone to the conditions of breeding and keeping. However, recently the number of geese in Ukraine has significantly decreased, although the production of geese meat in the world is steadily increasing. The introduction of scientific achievements in the production will contribute to increasing the efficiency of this industry. In order to improve the quality of poultry meat to its diet, antioxidant impurities are added. Vitamin E is traditionally considered to be one of the most effective antioxidants. However, recently, a significant amount of experimental data has been made available to confirm the harmful effects of vitamin E supra-physiological doses.

The purpose of the research is to find out the effect of a double dose of vitamin E on the antioxidant activity of skeletal muscles of geese in the pre-slaughter period.

The indicated interval of geese ontogenesis (from the 35^th to the 63^d day) is characterized by the physiological tension in the bird organism caused by the formation of juvenile feathers (six - seven weeks). The physiological tension in the system of antioxidant protection (AOP) is indicated by an increase in the content of lipoperoxidation products in the lipid extracts of skeletal muscles (TBCAP_lip), in the homogenates of these tissues (TBCAP_hom) and at the initiation of the peroxide oxidation of lipids (POL) Fe²⁺ (TBCAP_inc) by 58.8, 45.2 and 150.5%, respectively, in the skeletal muscles of the control group of geese, while the coefficient of antioxidant activity (C_AОA) decreases by 41.8 % from the 42^nd to the 56^th day. In the skeletal muscles of the control group of geese there are various-directional changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, namely: SOD-activity in the time tends to decrease, CAT activity – to increase, and GPO is activated in the 49-day-old geese during the physiological tension and decreases to the baseline level at the end of the experiment. From the 35^th to the 63^d day, the content of vitamin A and β-carotene decreased significantly. The content of vitamin E was characterized by the highest consistency with changes of C_AОA. For the experimental group of geese a similar character of the dynamics of these indicators is established. The middle level by the content of TBCAP_lip, TBCAP_hom and TBCAP_inc of skeletal muscles was lower in the experimental group compared to the corresponding indicators of the control. But the experimental group surpasses by 9.3% the control one by the average of C_AОA. At the same time, stabilization of all the indicators of the experimental group compared to the control one was established.

The compensatory growth of SOD and CAT activity in the geese of the experimental group during the physiological tension was observed. The GPO activity of the experimental group from the 42^nd day to the end of the experiment was significantly higher than the corresponding indicator of the control. It is established an increase in the coefficient of variation for all antioxidant enzymes of skeletal muscles in the experimental group of geese. An increase of the content of vitamin E in the diet of geese led to an increase of its content in skeletal muscles of the 63-day-old geese and a significant increase in the middle level of β-carotene (by 20.3%). There is also an increase in the level of variability for vitamin A and E content.

The results of the cluster analysis more clearly represent the dependence of antioxidant activity of skeletal muscles on the studied parameters.

Thus, an increase in the content of vitamin E in the diet of geese in the pre-slaughter period contributes to the moderate activation of the antioxidant defense system. One of the established mechanisms of this effect is activating SOD and GPO and increasing the influence of these enzymes on the antioxidant activity of skeletal muscles. The consistency of the parameters of the prooxidant-antioxidant equilibrium decreases with an increase in the content of vitamin E. It is likely that raising the level of balance of this equilibrium is the mechanism of additional activation of the AOP system, which starts functioning under the low concentrations of antioxidants, including vitamin E. 

1. Ivko, I.I., Riabinina, O.V., & Melnyk, O.V., (2010). Shliakhy pidvyshchennia efektyvnosti vitchyznianoho husivnytstva [Ways of increasing the efficiency of domestic goose meat]. Efektyvne ptakhivnytstvo – Effective poultry farming, 11(71),    33-40 [in Ukrainian].

2. Khvostyk, V.P. (2014). Husi, husi! Ha... Ha... Ha... [Geese, geese! Ha ... ha ... ha ...]. Ahrarnyk – Agrarian, 22, 20-22 [in Ukrainian].

3. Melnyk, V.A. (2013). Proyzvodstvo produktsyy vodoplavaiushchei ptytsі v myre y v Ukrayne [Production of waterfowl products in the world and in Ukraine] Dlia ptytsevodov – For poultry farmers, Retrieved from http://ptitcevod.ru/ produkciyapticevodstva /proizvodstvoprodukciivodoplavayu shhej-pticy-v-mire-i-v-ukraine.html [in Ukrainian].

4. Roztalnyy A. Livestock farming in Central and Easteru Europe and Central Asia /               A. Roztalnyy, A. Kuipers // Cattle husbandry in Easteru Europe and China. Wageningen Academic Publishers. – 2014. – P. 15-36.

5. Ishchenko, Yu.B. (2014). Analiz vyrobnytstva produktsii ptakhivnytstva v Ukraini i prohnozy do 2020 roku [Analysis of poultry production in Ukraine and forecasts up to 2020]. Suchasne ptakhivnytstvo – Contemporary poultry breeding, 4(137), 4-8                           [in Ukrainian].

6. Kyryliuk, O.F. (2012). Rozvytok rynku produktsii ptakhivnytstva [Development of poultry market]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky – Bulletin of Agrarian Science, 8(12), 80-82               [in Ukrainian].

7. Khvostyk, V.P. (2013). Perspektyvni napriamy vedennia husivnytstva [Perspective directions of keeping the goose breed]. Suchasni ahrarni tekhnolohii – Modern agrarian technologies, 8, 62-69 [in Ukrainian].

8. Tsekhmistrenko, S.I., & Tsekhmistrenko, O.S. (2014). Biokhimiia miasa ta miasoproduktiv [Biochemistry of meat and meat products]. Bila Tserkva: Znannia            [in Ukrainian].

9. Azzi A. Vitamin E mediates cell signaling and regulation of gene expression / A. Azzi,       R. Gysin.P. Kempna et. al. //Ann.N.Y.Acad. Sci. –2004.–Vol. 1031. – P. 86-95.

10. Riabokonia, Yu.O. (2005). Rekomendatsii z normuvannia hodivli silskohospodarskoi ptytsi [Recommendations on the standardization of feeding of farm birds]. Birky: Instytut ptakhivnytstva UAAN [in Ukrainian].

11. Opredelenye malonovoho dyaldehyda v tkaniakh y orhanakh [Determination of malondialdehyde in tissues and organs] (2011). Kryteryy y metodу kontrolia metabolyzma v orhanyzme zhyvotnykh y ptyts – Criteria and methods of metabolic control in the body of animals and birds. Kharkov: Ynstytut zhyvotnovodstva NAAN [in Ukrainian].

12. Abreu I.A. Superoxide dismutases-a review of the metal-associated mechanistic variations / I.A. Abreu, D. E. Cabelli. // Biochim Biophys Acta. – 2010. – Vol. 1804, №2. – С. 263-274.

13. Alptekin О. Immobilization of catalase onto Eupergit C and its characterization / O.Alptekin, S. Tuekel, D. Yildirim, D. Alagoez. // J. Mol. Catal. – 2010. – Vol. 64, № 3-4. – С. 177-183.

14. Lubos E. Glutathione peroxidase-1 in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities / E. Lubos, J. Loscalzo, D. E. Handy. // Antioxid Redox Signal. – 2011. – Vol. 15, №7. – С. 1957-1997.

15.Zdorovtseva L.М.  Geese fatty acid composition of brain and heart lipids in hypo-and hyperoxia / L.М.Zdorovtseva, V.О. Khromishev, О.О. Danchenko // Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University. – 2012. – Vol.2, №3. – P. 9-18. Rezhym dostupu: http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20122_30