Agrarian Science and Food Technologies

Brovarskiy V.D., Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor

National University of life and Prirodoispolzovanija Ukraine

Zotko N.A., Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor

Vinnytsia National Agrarian University

Tkachenko E.P., Postgraduate Student

National University of life and Prirodoispolzovanija Ukraine

Introduction. Investigation of the biochemical composition of the beebread, which bees are harvested, is an important area of research in beekeeping. Extension of theoretical knowledge of beebread nutrition obtained under different conditions of honey collection will contribute to improving the system of keeping bees, improving the quality of products derived from them. In view of this, the purpose of the research was to conduct a biochemical analysis of beebread obtained in various medical collections under the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods of research. Objectives of research: to select samples of beebread from bee colonies in different periods of the beekeeping season (spring, first and second half of  summer); determine the biochemical composition of the beebread. During the season, samples of beebread were taken from colonies of three apiaries in different areas. In accordance with the accepted methods, hydrolysis of samples was performed, and then they were examined for biochemical composition. Investigation of the biochemical composition of samples was carried out on a chromatographic mass spectrometric system of Agilen 6890N/5973 inert (column PB-225, 30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 nm, gas carrier – helium). Identification of the substances was determined by comparing the time of release of the polyol acetates of the samples under study with the standard. The quantitative ratio of substances was determined as a percentage of the total sum of peak areas, as well as using the computer database of ChemStation. Results of research and discussion. It was established that in the spring beebread the quantitative content of the dry matter was 72,955 g/100 g of the product. In addition, samples of this beebread found 20,31% protein, 7,1% fat, 2,31% ash, 39,15% fiber and 2,23% carbohydrates. The product contains saturated acids in the amount of 60.8% of the total fat, monounsaturated – 11.3% and polyunsaturated – 11.7%. For this, in the studied samples found the presence of essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In these samples of beebread, the largest share of vitamins was occupied by vitamin E (tocopherol) 31,2 mg / kg, beta-carotene and niacin (PP) – 17,3 and 12,2 mg/kg, respectively. The content of riboflavin and retinol was slightly lower, and did not exceed 10,5 and 1,02 mg/kg. Vitamin C, B1, B5, B9, H, K were determined in the beebread, but their number was lower than the detection limits. In the beebread harvested by bees in June, the dry matter content is 70,05 g/100 g of product. In these samples, the protein content was 19,74 g/100 g, which was 28,2% in dry matter. The total amount of fat in a beebread was 6,23 g/100 g or 8,9% for dry matter, carbohydrates – 3,54, ash – 3,1, and fiber 58,03%. The fatty acid content of the product revealed saturated acids in the amount of 58,1% of the total fat, monosubstituted with almost 11,3 and polyunsaturated 12,6% respectively. In beebread, the presence of essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was found, vitamin E content was 29,1 mg/kg, beta-carotene was 15,8, niacin (PP) – 11,6 and riboflavin 9,8 mg/kg, respectively. Retinol and vitamin C in the product were less than 1 mg/kg, and the presence of others (B1, B5, B9, H, K) was not established. The quantity of dry matter in the beebread harvested by bees in the second half of the summer was 69,45 g/100 g of product. The protein accounted for 27,47%, fats – 8,97, carbohydrates – 3,43%. A significant proportion of beebread was found in fiber – 58,2% to the content of dry matter, and ash occupied only 3,3%. The product detected saturated acids in the amount of 59,6% of total fat, monosubstituted – 11,6 and polyunsaturated – 13,1%. The content of vitamins in samples revealed tocopherol – 26,7 mg/kg, beta-carotene – 15,9, niacin (PP) – 11,3 and riboflavin 9,1 mg/kg, respectively. The content of retinol in these samples had a detection limit of 0,5 mg/kg, and vitamin C – below 1 mg/kg. Conclusions and prospects for further research. According to the biochemical composition of beebread obtained in different periods of the honey-gathering season in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine is heterogeneous, due to the presence in it of pollen of different botanical origin.

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